This article was originally published by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and is reprinted with permission.
Executions around the globe rose to their highest number in almost a decade, spurred by a spike in cases of the death penalty being carried out in Iran, according to a new report by watchdog Amnesty International.
In the report, released on May 29, Amnesty said a total of 1,153 executions took place in 2023 — not including the thousands believed to have been carried out in China — marking an increase of more than 30 percent from 2022.
In particular, Amnesty highlighted Iran, where the authorities intensified their use of the death penalty “to instill fear in the population and tighten their grip on power” by carrying out at least 853 executions, a 48 percent rise from the previous year.
“The huge spike in recorded executions was primarily down to Iran. The Iranian authorities showed complete disregard for human life and ramped up executions for drug-related offenses, further highlighting the discriminatory impact of the death penalty on Iran’s most marginalized and impoverished communities,” said Agnes Callamard, Amnesty International’s secretary-general.
“Despite the setbacks that we have seen this year, particularly in the Middle East, countries that are still carrying out executions are increasingly isolated. Our campaigning against this abhorrent punishment works. We will continue until we have put an end to the death penalty.”
Amnesty chided Iran for the high number of executions — at least 545 — that were carried out “unlawfully” for acts such as drug-related offenses that under international law are not punishable by the death penalty.
The rights group said executions “disproportionately impacted” Iran’s Baluch ethnic minority, who accounted for 20 percent of recorded executions even though they make up only around 5 percent of Iran’s population.
At least 24 women and at least five people who were children at the time they are accused of committing a crime were executed, the Amnesty report said.
Despite the higher overall total of executions, Amnesty said progress on stopping the usage of the death penalty was made.
Executions were carried out in only 16 countries last year, it said, the lowest total ever recorded.
Belarus, Japan, Myanmar, and South Sudan, all of which carried out executions in 2022, did not register any last year, Amnesty said.
“The inherent discrimination and arbitrariness that marks the use of the death penalty have only compounded the human rights violations of our criminal justice systems. The small minority of countries that insist on using it must move with the times and abolish the punishment once and for all,” Callamard said.
